We throw the word “vitamin” around like it’s simple. But vitamin D is anything but. In fact, it’s so unique that calling it a vitamin is technically inaccurate.
Here’s why this essential nutrient deserves a second look—and why it might be more accurate to think of it as a hormone.

Most Vitamins Are Nutrients. Vitamin D Is a Messenger.
- Most vitamins must come from food because the body can’t make them.
- Vitamin D is different. Your body makes it when sunlight hits your skin—specifically UVB rays.
- That sunlight exposure sets off a chain reaction in the body, one that ends with the production of a powerful hormone.
- That’s right: vitamin D behaves more like a hormone than a dietary helper.
The Path from Sunshine to Hormone
Your body doesn’t just “use” vitamin D—it activates it.
- First, UVB rays help your skin produce a compound called cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃).
- The liver then turns this into calcidiol, a storage form that circulates in your blood.
- Your kidneys convert that into calcitriol—the fully active form.
- Calcitriol travels through the body like any hormone, triggering responses in cells far from where it was made.
This is what hormones do: they signal, regulate, and control body processes at a distance.
Vitamin D: The Hormone in Disguise
- Calcitriol helps regulate calcium absorption, bone strength, and even immune response.
- It acts on the nucleus of cells—changing gene expression, much like testosterone or cortisol.
- It’s fat-soluble, derived from cholesterol, and stored in body fat—just like steroid hormones.
- It doesn’t just “support health.” It regulates critical functions, including your body’s mineral balance, mood, and immunity.
Why the Name Is a Misfit
- The word “vitamin” comes from Latin: vita (life) and amine (a type of compound).
- Early scientists assumed all vitamins were nitrogen-based. They weren’t. Vitamin D has no nitrogen at all.
- So the name stuck, even though the function doesn’t match.
- If discovered today, vitamin D would probably be labeled a hormone or prohormone, not a vitamin.
The Bottom Line
Vitamin D is misnamed. It’s not just a nutrient—it’s a hormone your body makes from sunshine.
- It plays a central role in bone health, immune response, and cellular function.
- Deficiency doesn’t just mean you’re a little off—it can lead to weakened bones, poor immunity, and disrupted mood.
- If you live in a northern area like Bend, Oregon, where UVB rays drop in fall and winter, you may need to supplement or adjust your sun habits to stay in balance.
Vitamin D isn’t just good for you. It’s foundational.
And it’s not just a vitamin. It’s a hormone hiding in plain sight.